Lead acid battery performance enhancement test in extreme climate

Time：2025-03-19 10:03:06

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Lead-acid batteries are widely used as energy storage equipment, and their performance varies significantly under different climatic conditions.

Lead-acid batteries are widely used as energy storage equipment, and their performance varies significantly under different climatic conditions. In-depth study of its performance in the two extreme climates of desert hot and dry and rainforest high temperature and humidity can not only excavate potential problems, but also provide directions for performance enhancement, which is of great significance in cross-industry applications such as field communication base stations and power storage in remote areas.

## Desert Test: Dealing with heat and dryness challenges

Daytime temperatures in desert areas often soar to more than 50 ° C, and the air humidity is extremely low, which is a great test for lead-acid batteries. Tests simulating desert conditions showed that high temperatures accelerated the rate of chemical reactions inside the battery. The lattice structure of the active substance on the positive plate is easy to change at high temperature, resulting in unstable reactivity between the active substance lead dioxide and the electrolyte, which seriously affects the charge-discharge performance of the battery. At the same time, too high temperature intensifies the evaporation of water in the electrolyte, increases the concentration of sulfuric acid, leads to plate vulcanization, increases the internal resistance of the battery, and rapidly attenuates the capacity. According to actual monitoring, the unimproved lead-acid battery in such a desert environment, only one month of operation, the capacity may be reduced by 15%, the charge and discharge cycle life is greatly shortened.

To solve these problems, researchers are working on battery materials and improving the electrolyte formula by adding special additives. For example, phosphoric acid and other substances can effectively inhibit plate vulcanization and reduce the damage of high temperature to battery performance. Heat dissipation design has also become a key breakthrough, the developed efficient heat dissipation shell, the use of excellent thermal conductivity metal material, with a large area of heat dissipation fin, accelerate the internal heat dissipation of the battery, maintain the appropriate working temperature. After the improvement, in the subsequent desert high temperature test, the battery capacity decay rate is significantly reduced, only about 8% per month, the charge-discharge cycle life is extended by about 20%, and the performance is significantly improved.

## Rainforest test: Resist the attack of high temperature and humidity

The rainforest environment is high all the year round, the average temperature is between 25 ° C and 30 ° C, and the humidity is maintained above 80% all the year round, which greatly increases the corrosion risk of lead-acid batteries. The battery shell is mostly made of plastic material, which is easy to absorb water in a high humidity environment. When the water penetrates into the battery and interacts with the sulfuric acid electrolyte, it will accelerate the corrosion of the metal plate. The lead of the negative plate is intensified in a humid and acidic environment. If the lead sulfate generated cannot be reduced in time during charge and discharge, it will gradually accumulate on the surface of the plate, hindering electron conduction and reducing battery performance. Previously, in the absence of protective treatment, the charging and discharging efficiency of lead-acid batteries in the rainforest environment was only about 70%, and the service life was greatly reduced.

In order to cope with the challenges of the rainforest environment, researchers start from two aspects of battery shell protection and plate treatment. In the case protection, the use of waterproof breathable film technology, this film can not only prevent external moisture into the battery inside, but also balance the internal battery due to chemical reactions produced by the air pressure, to prevent the battery bulge. At the same time, the plate is treated with special anti-corrosion treatment, and a layer of corrosion-resistant alloy coating is plated on the surface of the plate. After these improvements, in the rainforest simulation environment test, the corrosion rate of the battery plate was significantly slowed down, the charging and discharging efficiency was increased to more than 80%, and the overall service life of the battery was extended by about 30%, effectively improving the reliability of the battery in the rainforest environment.

Through the testing of desert and rainforest in two extreme climates and the exploration of corresponding performance strengthening measures, valuable experience has been accumulated for the application of lead-acid batteries in special environments. Whether it is hot and dry in the desert, or high temperature and humidity in the rain forest, through targeted material optimization and structural design improvement, the performance of lead-acid batteries can be significantly improved, so as to expand its application scenarios in more extreme climate regions, provide a strong guarantee for the stability of energy storage and supply, and meet the cross-industry demand for electricity in complex environments. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology, lead-acid batteries are expected to serve stably in a wider range of extreme environments and contribute to the development of various industries.

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